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December 05, 2005

Reinventing Higher Education

I finally finished The Closing of the American Mind about a week ago. I regret to say that I shall read it again, but not for a while, not until I'm smarter.

Serendipitously, my previous post on the book coincided with a feature Slate ran on the reinvention of higher education:

What should students be studying in college? No one seems to agree anymore. Harvard University is in the midst of a heated debate about its general education requirements, while the Association of American Colleges and Universities has launched a campaign to promote "a liberal education." Slate has taken the occasion to ask an array of prominent academics to tackle the question at the heart of the debate: What should undergraduates leave college knowing? Stanley N. Katz provides an overview of the liberal arts debate here. And here are the links to the responses of the 11 academics . . .
Reading these, I'm astonished to find how closely they follow the paths traced out by Bloom. The basic problem is that there is so much to be known (or taught), academia struggles with what and how to teach. The learned men and women give some interesting (and telling) answers.

Over at Asymmetrical Information, Winterspeak and Jane Galt examine one supposed purpose of higher education: to impart knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for the workplace (an end assailed here). Winterspeak attributes increased earnings of college graduates to superior skill sets and not mere "credentialism," "A country that is comfortable outsourcing work to poorer parts of the world clearly cares, at least a little, about what people can do, and not just where they graduated from."

Jane disagrees, rightfully pointing out that aside from engineers and scientists, college graduates are given few transferable skills, "But in general, I'd say that very few of my classmates taking a liberal arts course learned anything useful that couldn't be gotten out of a six week course on business writing." (Bloom even argued that for most students, at least two years of college are a waste of time, the curriculum padded with unnecessary courses, which were too watered-down to provide anything like a true liberal education.) So what accounts for increased earnings of graduates?

In my opinion, it's very much a signalling mechanism: employers do not value what you learned in school, but they do value knowing that you have the middle class background, the willingness to delay gratification, and the intelligence necessary to complete a degree. For many people, college also provides a social network that helps them later in life. And it may allow them to mature enough to make them worth more than minimum wage.
Ideally, college would also signal that the graduate can think critically and write coherently (this is pitifully not the case). At a much deeper level, a liberal education should also teach students to ask the 'Big Questions,' to examine themselves and their society, and such abilities would seem to transcend the economic theme of Winterspeak and Jane's discussion.

Posted by Zach Wendling at December 5, 2005 12:41 PM

Comments

This post didn't draw many comments, but I suspect it's because you nailed it so perfectly. I will, however, take issue with the implication that a better education is what solely drives higher wages. I think that we can't ignore the effect of higher productivity from technological advances that often have nothing to do with one's education. Anyway, this is a good post.

Posted by: Joshua Claybourn at December 5, 2005 11:24 PM | permalink

I remember in my senior year in Electrical Engineering at Purdue, I was in a 400-level Russian Politics class (on a lark). One day, before class, the other students there questioned me as to why I took the class (most of them did not seem to enjoy it much, and were there for the elective). It seemed silly that someone would be taking the class just to learn something interesting.

It was at this time I realized that it was likely that most of the liberal arts education at Purdue was probably not on the same academic level as most of the engineering ciriculum. I was saddened by this fact, because I know that a liberal arts education could be made to be just as academically difficult (and therefore, I would submit just as useful). Does anyone know of such a school?


Posted by: Dave S. at December 5, 2005 11:43 PM | permalink

I only have a beginner's understanding of economics, but it seems to me that what drives higher wages is a scarcity of eligible workers in relation to the demand for them (ignoring unions and government interference for the moment). The more people get certain skills, the less valuable they become. One place this has already happened is in computer programming, a well-paid field twenty years ago but now less valuable due to a glut of skilled workers (incuding, but not limited to, those overseas).

Thus no matter which direction colleges orient their curricula, if they do it in unison, the skill set they teach will be of minimal value from a salary perspective. It's much better (both for the students and for society at large) to have a variety of curricula. Of course, at the rate we're going, just being able to write in complete sentences will soon be a scarce commodity.

Posted by: wahoofive at December 6, 2005 11:58 AM | permalink

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