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October 31, 2005
Initial Reaction to Alito
As I'm sure everyone knows by now, President Bush has nominated Samuel Alito to replace Harriet Miers and will send his name to the Senate for confirmation to take Sandra Day O'Connor's seat on the Supreme Court. It's an interesting pick to me, as I would have put him about 3rd or 4th on the list of others with similar credentials. The pick was determined by the criteria Bush chose to use. If he was going to try again for a woman, there was one short list; if he was going to try and name the first hispanic to the court, there was a different short list. And if he was going to just pick from the top names, I would have ranked that short list roughly like this: McConnell, Luttig, Alito, Wilkinson. All have fairly similar resumes (though McConnell has a much stronger record as a legal scholar than the others, which is why I rank him at the top) and all are solidly conservative.
Alito has written some very interesting religion law opinions, which I haven't had the chance to go through in their entirety yet. The most prominent is probably FOP v. Newark, in which Alito wrote the unanimous opinion for the court, ruling that the Newark police department could not forbid Muslim officers from having beards even though the policy against beards was generally applicable and not aimed at any particular religion. That suit was brought by the ACLU and the Becket Fund. Very strong free exercise case.
Another was ACLU v Schundler, a holiday display case from Jersey City. Alito wrote the majority opinion (2-1) upholding the constitutionality of a holiday display on public property. The court had previously struck down that city's display on establishment clause grounds, but the city had changed it significantly, adding in secular symbols and the like to bring it in line with the controlling precedents, Lynch v Donnelly and Allegheny v Pittsburgh. Interesting to note that the defendant in that case, Jersey City, is an unusually diverse city that has a long history of providing public commemoration of a wide range of holidays of religious significance. They hold an annual parade on a Hindu holy day and have a public commemoration of Ramadan, Hannukah and others as well. So that's a case in which O'Connor's endorsement test would likely not be invoked, putting Alito's ruling in line with the justice he would be replacing.
Another interesting case is Blackhawk v Pennsylvania, which came down last fall. It's a free exercise case where an American Indian was seeking relief from a state law against keeping bears in captivity because, in his religion, black bears had great spiritual significance and were used in religious rituals. Alito applied the obvious precedent, Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye, Inc. v. Hialeah, and ruled that Blackhawk must be granted an exemption from those laws.
So far, I've seen nothing that makes me react badly in his religion clause rulings. He appears to be very strong on free exercise cases, but he applies the same standards to all religions. And on the establishment clause cases, the rulings I've seen are all reasonable. Of course, that is as an appeals court judge where one must rule pursuant to Supreme Court precedent, but his use of such precedents is reasonable and often compelling. He writes well, from what I've seen.
I'm sure more will come out on Alito over the next couple weeks. I make the same caution I made with Roberts, which is that you should not believe anything an interest group on either side says about his rulings or writings without looking it up for yourself. Court rulings often involve very narrow technical grounds which are easy to distort and make it sound as though the judge just wantonly came out against good and for evil.
Posted by at October 31, 2005 01:10 PM
I'm sure committee Dems and ordinary Americans will be interested in hearing Alito's explanation of his thinking regarding Planned Parenthood v. Casey. Alito was the sole dissenter on the Third Circuit, which struck a Pennsylvania law that required women seeking abortions to consult their husbands, writing: "The plaintiffs failed to show even roughly how many of the women in this small group would actually be adversely affected..."
The Supreme Court opposed Alito's view: "For the great many women who are victims of abuse inflicted by their husbands, or whose children are the victims of such abuse, a spousal notice requirement enables the husband to wield an effective veto over his wife's decision."
Posted by: JohnS at October 31, 2005 01:42 PM | permalink
I like the invocation of "ordinary Americans"...as opposed to what? I'm sure the pro-choice organizations will mount a major offensive on Alito, but they tried to do that to Roberts as well and it wasn't terribly effective. The difficulty, of course, is that an appeals court judge must follow precedent. On the one hand, you have his dissent in Planned Parenthood v Casey. On the other hand, you have his vote in Planned Parenthood v Farmer, which has gotten far less attention because it hasn't gone to the Supreme Court. In that case, Alito concurred in a ruling striking down New Jersey's ban on partial birth abortions. So does that make him anti-abortion or pro-abortion? Neither, so far as we know. In both cases, he attempted to apply precedent.
Posted by: Ed Brayton at October 31, 2005 02:03 PM | permalink
I'd like to define my use of the term "ordinary Americans" as being those who think that it is not our government's place to tell a woman what to do in such situations, one way or the other. I haven't done any surveys lately though Ed, so you got me there!
Posted by: JohnS at October 31, 2005 02:31 PM | permalink
The case I'm hearing a lot on is the one where he supposedly wrote strip searching 10 year olds w/out parental consent was OK. I realize that's probably a (gross) distortion that's being passed around, but I haven't been able to find a good description of 1) the case, 2) the opinion he wrote, and 3) whether the SC agreed/disagreed on appeal (if there was one). Can someone here who has more information on the case explain it to a non-legal person what it was really all about.
Posted by: Hanspeter at October 31, 2005 03:16 PM | permalink
Hanspeter...here is the opinion in the case you requested. The case involved the police serving a warrant on a house where the warrant was against the husband, and the police decidign to strip search the wife and daughter while they were there. The Supreme Court upheld the lower court, 6-3 I believe, thus disagreeing with his dissent.
Posted by: Balta at October 31, 2005 03:52 PM | permalink
Click this link for a ton of surveys and relevant links showing that "ordinary Americans" in all demographics highly favor spousal notification laws.
Regardless of whether one agrees with Alito's dissent or not, it would certainly be unfair to characterize it as crazy-right-wing; there's no way 65% of ordinary Americans are crazy-right-wing.
Posted by: Nick Blesch at October 31, 2005 07:40 PM | permalink
there's no way 65% of ordinary Americans are crazy-right-wing.
That's not what the 5.5 billion non-Americans on the planet believe. :-)
greg
Posted by: Gregory Travis at October 31, 2005 09:47 PM | permalink
The strip-search/warrant dissent by Alito was fairly disturbing to me. The warrant itself gave permission to search "John Doe." The warrant application had requested permission to search "John Doe" and everyone else on the premises.
The warrant application was apparently attached to the warrant and was even referenced in a couple of places in the warrant. But, the part of the warrant describing who was to be searched did not reference the application.
The majority said that the officer wasn't allowed to search the girl in the absence of a warrant and the warrant didn't grant permission for such a search. Alito, on the other hand, wanted to look beyond the face of the warrant to divine the intent of the magistrate who issued the warrant. Alito was apparently reasoning that the magistrate "really meant to include everyone else." Never mind what the warrant actually said. This is incongruous for someone who is supposedly a "strict constructionist." If he's willing to reach that far beyond something as simple as a warrant, what kind of tricks will he be willing to play with the Constitution?
In fairness, however, this is the one and only opinion of his that I've read. Maybe it's an aberration.
Posted by: Doug at October 31, 2005 10:27 PM | permalink
Greg: fair enough. :-D
Nonetheless, from Julian Sanchez: The disagreement here isn't over whether carrying out unauthorized strips searches as such violates the Fourth Amendment—if a judge thought that were permitted, it would surely be a dealbreaker. Instead, the opinions reveal a dispute over whether the officers had a good-faith belief that their request to search all occupants at the premises had been incorporated into the warrant. On the basis of my skim, I'm inclined to prefer the majority's take, but Alito's dissent isn't as awful or crazy as the precis above would suggest.
http://www.reason.com/hitandrun/2005/10/wow_a_nominee_w.shtml
Posted by: Nick Blesch at November 1, 2005 03:42 AM | permalink
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