« Radio recommendation | Main | Important ITA Announcement »

March 31, 2005

Why Tilt? II

Studies about the leftward tilt in academia, such as the recent one Josh noted below, are nothing new. Conservatives often try to make this case (the Hoosier Review made modest efforts twice at Indiana University, here and here), but it doesn't seem that anyone much cares besides conservatives.

The dominant issue seems to be explaining the causes of this tilt, with David Horowitz and his Students for Academic Freedom assuming that it is discrimination in hiring and promotion. Paul brought us this fine article which does much to debunk this. And now Mr. Klein, to whom we have responded twice, suggests that well informed people, such as academics, are more likely to turn to the left for "internal coherency and intellectual rigor." I'd have to admit that, yes, it is tiresome to be a thoughtful partisan, and that some of my professors, who are immersed in public affairs, might well have been more sympathetic to the GOP were the party not so ridiculous. But three critiques of this position: First, the data set in question comes from 1999, and other studies on academic leftism predate this admin also. Second, Will Wilkinson establishes that leftism is not an empirical ideology (no ideology is), so mere consumption of data is not sufficient to turn professors liberal. Third, consumption of news is likely to include a good amount of that odious conservative bogeyman, the "liberal media," and so would amount to a feedback loop. So we are still in want of the causes of academic liberalism.

Both Josh and Paul make speculations reminiscent of a theory Robert Nozick laid out in his essay, "Why Do Intellectuals Oppose Capitalism?" This piece could be more appropriately titled to explain that academics, among other intellectuals (so-called "wordsmiths," which would include the above-mentioned journalists), hold some sort of resentment or animus to the free market. In other words, why are intellectuals economically leftist?

The crux of Nozick's argument is that academics are imbued with certain norms from childhood on in the dominant extra-familial arena: school. These norms include notions that academic achievement is highly valued in society and that bookish skills are the most important. To some extent this is true, but the free market also has other values perhaps not inherent in intelligence, and when the market fails to bestow the highest rewards on over-achievers, they get pissed. Nozick is a bit more nuanced and circumspect (as they say, read the whole thing), but this may have enough truth to be useful in explaining why academia is so left-wing.

Consider an honors student newly shipped off to college, where perhaps he just begins to become aware that his smarts will not automatically translate into money in the real world. Is it implausible to suppose that he would be more attracted to tracts and professors who resent, either overtly or implicitly, the free market? And upon earning a degree in some non-lucrative field, perhaps the humanities, why not chose graduate school over the work force? And afterward, why not stay in that highly-structured environment where rewards are assured and regular? It's a temptation I think every intelligent student must face, but leftward-tilting students, who perhaps resent the market for placing extra demands on them, might be more willing to succumb to it. As Nozick says, this may be the predisposition that results in liberal academia.

But so long as the cause is not necessarily institutional, as Horowitz et alia suspect, I'm much more concerned with the consequences. Do universities turn students liberal? Every College Republican has anecdotal evidence of professors forcing their views upon undergraduates. Even some of my friends, who arrived at college with not-too-particularly-sophisticated views on politics, have come out of classes with some minor reprogramming. But ultimately, I think this points to a larger problem of the failure of higher learning to teach critical thinking skills (or the failure of college students to possess them).

Posted by Zach Wendling at March 31, 2005 03:01 PM

Comments

I'm with Paul and Josh in that I doubt that liberals in academia actively discriminate against conservatives in hiring. But it's worth pointing out that most liberals (and not only liberals, in fact) consider that a "hostile environment" can be a form of discrimination. So if--as someone said when discussing Larry Summers--the men in the physics department are creating a hostile environment by telling chauvinist jokes, are the faculty in the sociology department creating a hostile environment toward conservatives by telling "Bush is stupid" jokes?

Posted by: Eric Seymour at March 31, 2005 04:54 PM | permalink

No more than bosses who mass email liberal jokes on a daily basis do. Why conservatives are trying to undermine so many of their good ideas by claiming the ill-fitting mantle of victimhood is beyond me.

If they Students for Academic Freedom really cared, and were not just attention whoring, they would be quietly pursuing teaching positions. If you are denied that because of your political views, come talk to us. If you are in school for a terminal degree and are complaining because of a minor or imagined slight, STFU.

Let us face the facts. If these kids did not identify themselves as conservative, we would probably write them off as being bitter whiners over poor grades.

Posted by: DR at March 31, 2005 05:18 PM | permalink

I noticed a couple of things from your discussion -without having read your references.

Number one is that being a rightist makes one see academia as leftist, i.e., the identification is the product of a point of view and not objective.

Secondly, I'm of the firm belief that secularism is the foundation of knowledge in the present age; in which the hard sciences are the most solid, but other disciplines such as psychology, sociology and political science have benefited from the scientific model that includes lots of people in the field doing lots of investigations and having lots of discussions and publications and even some good and valid research in the social sciences. To me that's all secular. A process. Something that is not authoritarian.
It's a bottom up process.

I see conservatives coming at things from a top down, authoritarian perspective. I understand that Horowitz has led the Florida legislature to pass a law that creationism must be taught alongside evolution or it is de facto evidence of leftward bias.

The problem is that evolution is a bottom up theory and creationism is an authoritarian theory.
Creationism is wrong.

So, rather than academia being mysteriously and unpredictably left wing, academia is better described as being a place where secular process is the method of choice and where the pursuit of truth is the goal.

My hope, actually, is that creationism and evolution will be investigated and discussed in science classes at every level in our educational system, using scientific method. Children will be taught critical thinking skills and evolution will win. If that's leftist OK, but I think that the identification of truth with leftism is emotional rather than rational.

Posted by: ProudLiberal at March 31, 2005 05:30 PM | permalink

Is it also possible that out of the population of conservatives, many fewer of them want to enter academia? Is it possible that elements of their philosophy incline them more to other professions - high school teacher, preacher, social service, businessman?

We must be careful in assuming cause and effect.

Posted by: david s at March 31, 2005 06:36 PM | permalink

Having been an academic for many years, I have hired many. All but one are pretty liberal. Didn't ask during the hiring process, so I have concluded, simply, that conservatives are just too stupid to cut it in academia.

Not politically correct, I know. But it's the truth

Posted by: POed Lib at March 31, 2005 06:57 PM | permalink

him, lot's of rightists are straussians these day. Using his terms, can't you just accept that people who are desperately wrong about things, ie creationism, hating black people, reptialian conspiracies (lunacies of both right and left), shouldn't be accorded positions of academic power. Obviously, in economics departments we need to teach economics, and need qualified people, a diversity of policy view points and a solid epistemological framework is needed here, you aren't hired because of your belief in Zorbo the astro-man, be that a right or left view.

Obviously people who are concerned about poverty may flock to sociology, or the humanities, people concerned about health to the sciences, and so on. Call this concern left or right if you want, how about honest or sincere. Should these people be forced to stop what they are doing because they care. obviously economics needs to cater to human needs, if it isn't than it's a failure, right or leftist failure, if you are saying however, that the economy shouldn't benefit general human needs and should starve all but a few to death (both sides have done this) then I don't think your view should be in academia.

ahhh, i'm not american, i find the terms used on this site disturbingly bipolar, you don't find this kind of manicheanism elsewhere. Why now, what happened to the old america, it's starting to look weird over there.

Posted by: you guys are weirdos sometimes at March 31, 2005 07:16 PM | permalink

The answer is obvious.

Academics are more educated and left-wing positions (this day and age) are more informed by knowledge and science. Right wing positions are more informed by faith than reason, so how else do you expect it to be?

Good luck admitting that to yourself.

Posted by: Freeboz McDoodle at April 1, 2005 02:40 PM | permalink

I believe Dr. Raymond Stantz said it best:

"I liked the University; they gave us money and facilities, we didn't have to produce anything. You've never been out of college. You don't know what it's like out there. I've worked in the private sector--they expect results."

You want Truth? you don't need 5 degrees and a 9X8 office in a 19th century academic building, all you need is Ghostbusters.

Posted by: Petronius Arbiter at April 1, 2005 05:11 PM | permalink

The decline of the public intellectuals has been arrested and even reversed with the blogging ability. I note on Volokh, an old Hoosier Review topic, blacks in law schools. Note well how IU wastes taxpayer monies in the service of failed ideology held by their self serving administrators. Plainly speaking, they know these blacks are not going to be lawyers.

Posted by: Anonymous at April 3, 2005 02:42 PM | permalink

 
---- ADVERTISEMENTS ----



Rankings and Aggregators
Technocrati
Blogdom of God
Who Links Here

Site Meter