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January 24, 2005

Incentives indeed

Below Paul offers a wonderful rundown of Healthcare and Government which I recommend to anyone even slightly interested in the subject. Paul does well to note that the demand for healthcare, and what we view as minimally acceptable, is always changing and will continue to change. American medicine is particularly good at treating the sick because it rewards research and innovation (though less in health care than most probably realize) while using the latest technology. And, keeping this in mind, we must remember that incentives matter.

Therefore cost is a central barrier. Health costs makes up 14% of our gross domestic product (GDP), a larger percentage than any other country, and it continues to grow at a significant rate. Yet spending and GDP ratios don't really suggest there is a problem or crisis because we don't know the "correct" amount to spend on health care. It's important to remember that, based on purchasing power, the US has the highest standard of living in the world. (Our GDP per capita is 55% higher than Western Europe, 35% higher than Australia, 28% more than Japan, and 11% higher than Canada.) Is it any wonder that we spend a bigger share on medical needs as we grow more prosperous? I have every incentive to spend an extra dollar on health care than I would on a new car.

But this gets back to the incentives Paul addressed earlier. It's rare for Americans to actually be the ones writing checks - we leave that job to our insurers (sometimes government), and in some cases we rarely see a bill or look at it in detail. So I have little incentive to shop for the cheaper physician, especially when I associate lower costs with lower care. Historically insurers have not held physicians accountable for higher fees, nor questioned their growing purchases of more expensive medical equipment. But all of that is starting to change, and in the process so too will the care that we receive.

Insurers run a business and like any good businessmen their bottom line matters. Both patients and insurers are looking for the best care and the cheapest cost. But insurers have an incentive to focus on cost, and patients on care. The more these choices rest with the patient and not insurers, the better the incentives will align to control cost and improve satisfaction with care.

Posted by Joshua Claybourn at January 24, 2005 08:59 AM

Comments

You're absolutely right that it's not only natural, but desirable, that health care costs, as a percentage of total costs, go up. After all, the state of health care today is far beyond that a century ago. And the demand is virtually inelastic (what's the maximum that you would you pay to save a doctor save your, or a loved one's, life)?

On the other hand, not all of us with health insurance are insulated from the costs. I have (by choice) a $1000 deductible and in all of my 41 years on this planet I have never had an insurance company pay a penny of my health care costs (well, maybe when I was born -- I'll have to ask Mom) -- although I've paid plenty in premiums.

Also be careful with the "standard of living." Yes, by purchasing power parity we may have the "highest" standard of living but PPP is but one of dozens of measures of living standards. On the others (hours worked per annum per capita, health care access, stress, etc.) we're somewhat down the list.

greg, in "I'm sitting at home with a broken leg so, this year, I may actually exceed my deductible" mode

Posted by: Gregory Travis at January 24, 2005 10:25 AM | permalink

On the other hand, not all of us with health insurance are insulated from the costs.

Yes, that's precisely why I wrote, "But all of that is starting to change, and in the process so too will the care that we receive."

And I used PPP for a specific reason. I don't need to be reminded of other measures of living standards. But I will note that "hours worked per annum per capita" is a relative measure that doesn't tell us much, especially in the capitalistic U.S., where people often choose abnormally high hours even when the need for it is absent.

Posted by: Joshua Claybourn at January 24, 2005 10:46 AM | permalink

And when you consider that, in France, many people can't work more than 35 (37?) hours a week now, and that in much of the rest of Western Europe, high taxes discourage workers from spending more time at the office and high costs of training and firing discourage firms from taking on new workers in the first place.

The bigger point, though, is that for all the money we spend on health care in the U.S., our outcomes are miserable. We are probably either the least healthy or close to it among the developed world.

Posted by: Paul at January 24, 2005 10:51 AM | permalink

"And the demand is virtually inelastic (what's the maximum that you would you pay to save a doctor save your, or a loved one's, life)?"

But! Most medical costs are paid for by third parties, and so the question isn't how much I'd pay to save my life, but how much I'd like Blue Shield (or Uncle Sam) to save my life. The latter figure is very much higher than the former.

And, Greg, I take it you're denying the existence of a bequest motive, not to mention the studies Mallaby cites in his op-ed about implicit valuation of life.

Posted by: Paul at January 24, 2005 10:53 AM | permalink

An interesting somewhat-related post on health care costs at Political Animal:
http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/archives/individual/2005_01/005508.php

Posted by: philosopher at January 24, 2005 11:03 AM | permalink

And, Greg, I take it you're denying the existence of a bequest motive, not to mention the studies Mallaby cites in his op-ed about implicit valuation of life.

I'm not denying them. I'm just ignoring them because, so far, I've been too lazy to read them.

greg, in "what's worse, apathy or ignorance? I don't know and I don't care" mode

Posted by: Gregory Travis at January 24, 2005 11:56 AM | permalink

"But insurers have an incentive to focus on cost,..." Really? Then why do they contribute so very much to doctor's costs with their bureaucracy? They make the government look like pikers. How many insurance companies are there? How many different forms, different requirements? How many employees do doctor's practices add just to deal with it? How much does all of that cost us?

My problems with the attempts to imply that health care is like any other commodity to be shopped around for is that I seriously question that there is enough information out there to enable anyone to shop for health care on a truly rational basis. And it is completely impossible for any disease with a sudden onset requiring rapid treatment that your G.P. can't deal with or for accidents.

Posted by: Jim S at January 24, 2005 09:36 PM | permalink

 
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